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The main characteristic that distinguishes physiological anisocoria is an increase of pupil size with lower light or reduced illumination, such that the pupils differ in size between the two eyes. At any given eye examination, up to 41% of healthy patients can show an anisocoria of 0.4 mm or more at one time or another.
Anisocoria has various causes: [3] Physiological anisocoria: About 20% of the population has a slight difference in pupil size, which is known as physiological anisocoria. In this condition, the difference between pupils is usually less than 1 mm. [4] Horner's syndrome
For example, in a person with abnormal left direct reflex and abnormal right consensual reflex (with normal left consensual and normal right direct reflexes), which would produce a left Marcus Gunn pupil, or what is called left afferent pupillary defect, by physical examination. Location of the lesion can be deduced as follows:
Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PH Pinhole see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHNI Pinhole No Improvement see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHVA Pinhole Visual Acuity: PL Perception of light POH / PrOH Previous ocular history PPA Peri-papillary atrophy Pt Patient RAPD
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [1] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response , [2] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and ...
Pupils of both sexes dilated after seeing pictures of people of the opposite sex. In females, the difference in pupil size occurred also after seeing pictures of babies and mothers with babies. This examination showed that pupils react not only to the changes of intensity of light (pupillary light reflex) but also reflect arousal or emotions.