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How to Develop Self-Confidence and Influence People by Public Speaking (1956), The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking (1962), Public Speaking for Success (2005) Public Speaking and Influencing Men In Business ( ISBN 0-7661-6973-1 ) is a 1937 revision of Dale Carnegie 's 1926 book Public Speaking: a Practical Course for Business Men .
Public speaking, also called oratory, is the practice of delivering speeches to a live audience. [3] Throughout history, public speaking has held significant cultural, religious, and political importance, emphasizing the necessity of effective rhetorical skills. It allows individuals to connect with a group of people to discuss any topic.
Self-confidence is trust in oneself. Self-confidence involves a positive belief that one can generally accomplish what one wishes to do in the future. [2] Self-confidence is not the same as self-esteem, which is an evaluation of one's worth. Self-confidence is related to self-efficacy—belief in one's ability to accomplish a specific task or goal.
For persons with low self-esteem, any positive stimulus will temporarily raise self-esteem. Therefore, possessions, sex, success, or physical appearance will produce the development of self-esteem, but the development is ephemeral at best. [124] Such attempts to raise one's self-esteem by positive stimulus produce a "boom or bust" pattern.
Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura describes the difference between self-efficacy and confidence as such: [86] the construct of self-efficacy differs from the colloquial term 'confidence.' Confidence is a nonspecific term that refers to strength of belief but does not necessarily specify what the certainty is about.
If human confidence had perfect calibration, judgments with 100% confidence would be correct 100% of the time, 90% confidence correct 90% of the time, and so on for the other levels of confidence. By contrast, the key finding is that confidence exceeds accuracy so long as the subject is answering hard questions about an unfamiliar topic.