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Hypocaust under the floor in a Roman villa in Vieux-la-Romaine, near Caen, France. A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
Pilae stacks are stacks of pilae tiles, square or round tiles, that were used in Roman times as an element of the underfloor heating system, [1] common in Roman bathhouses, called the hypocaust. The concept of the pilae stacks is that the floor is constructed at an elevated position, allowing air to freely circulate underneath and up, through ...
The hypocaust with the pillars and its compound ceiling - Suspensura. The distribution of hot air, the tubes and the smoke evacuation ducts. Hot basin and the hypocaust of the thermas of Sabra. The heating system with the hypocaust worked by forcing hot air and smoke to circulate under a suspended floor raised by pillars (pilae).
The Hypocaust Museum is a museum at St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Situated in Verlamium Park, the museum provides in situ conservation and interpretation of a hypocaust within the walled city of Verulamium. The system heated residential accommodation built around 200 CE. [1] Unlike the hypocaust at Welwyn, it appears not to be linked to baths.
Hypocaust at Chedworth. A feature unique in Britain and discovered in 2017 is that a significant building phase of the villa dates from the 5th century after the end of Roman rule in Britain (410). [11] In room 28 the mosaic and walls on the east and west sides were installed after 424.
Hypocaust in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France. A hypocaust was an ancient Roman system of underfloor heating, used to heat buildings with hot air. The Roman architect Vitruvius, writing about the end of the 1st century BC, attributes their invention to Sergius Orata. Many remains of Roman hypocausts have survived throughout Europe, western Asia ...
From the tepidarium a door opened into the caldarium (E), whose mosaic floor was directly above the furnace or hypocaust. Its walls also were hollow, behind the decorated plaster one part of the wall was made from interconnected hollow bricks called tubuli lateraci, forming a great flue filled with heated air.
The walls and floors of the warm and hot rooms were heated by a hypocaust heating system, the earliest surviving example from the Roman world. [18] The heat was produced from a single furnace (20), and circulated in the space under the floors, which were raised on tile pillars.