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Microscopically, congenital melanocytic nevi appear similar to acquired nevi with two notable exceptions. For the congenital nevus, the neval cells are found deeper into the dermis . Also, the deeper nevus cells can be found along with neurovascular bundles , with both surrounding hair follicles , sebaceous glands , and subcutaneous fat .
A Mongolian spot, also known as slate grey nevus or congenital dermal melanocytosis, is a benign, flat, congenital birthmark with wavy borders and an irregular shape. In 1883, it was described and named after Mongolians by Erwin Bälz, a German anthropologist based in Japan, who erroneously believed it to be most prevalent among his Mongolian patients.
However, a melanocytic nevus is benign, and melanoma is malignant. Most melanocytic nevi never evolve into a cancer, with the lifetime risk for an individual nevus being 1 in 3000 for men and 1 in 11 000 for women. [5] Moreover, dermatologists have a standardized system for determining whether a skin lesion is suspicious for malignant melanoma.
Congenital versus acquired. Congenital nevus: Small to large nevus present at or near time of birth. Small ones have low potential for forming melanomas, however the risk increases with size, as in the giant pigmented nevus. [18] Acquired nevus: Any melanocytic nevus that is not a congenital nevus or not present at birth or near birth.
Nevus of Ito (nevus fuscoceruleus acromiodeltoideus) Nevus of Ota (congenital melanosis bulbi, melanosis bulborum and aberrant dermal melanocytosis, nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, oculodermal melanocytosis, oculomucodermal melanocytosis) Nevus spilus (speckled lentiginous nevus, zosteriform lentiginous nevus)
Atypical (dysplastic) nevus: This type of nevus must be diagnosed based on histological features. Clinically, atypical nevi are characterized by variable pigmentation and irregular borders. [5] Becker's nevus; Blue nevus (rarely congenital): A classic blue nevus is usually smaller than 1 cm, flat, and blue-black in color. [6] Hori's nevus
A Spitz nevus is a benign skin lesion.A type of melanocytic nevus, it affects the epidermis and dermis. [1]It is also known as an epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus, [2] and misleadingly as a benign juvenile melanoma, [2]: 691 and Spitz's juvenile melanoma [3]).
[1] [2]: 625 It is usually congenital in origin or appears within the first three decades. [3] A pedunculated lipofibroma is a solitary variant of nevus lipomatosus superficialis. It usually appears in adult life, and usually on the axilla, knee, ear, arm, scalp and the lower trunk. [3]