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Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ 4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It is closely related to androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol).
As DHEA-S can be converted back into DHEA, it serves as a circulating reservoir for DHEA, thereby extending the duration of DHEA. [57] [20] Metabolites of DHEA include DHEA-S, 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, 7-keto-DHEA, 7α-hydroxyepiandrosterone, and 7β-hydroxyepiandrosterone, as well as androstenediol and androstenedione. [8]
Androstanedione, also known as 5α-androstanedione or as 5α-androstane-3,17-dione, is a naturally occurring androstane (5α-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of androgens like testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione. [1] It is the C5 epimer of etiocholanedione (5β ...
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex. [1] It is the 3β- sulfate ester and a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and circulates in far greater relative concentrations than DHEA. [ 2 ]
3β-HSD II mediates three parallel dehydrogenase/isomerase reactions in the adrenals that convert Δ 4 to Δ 5 steroids: pregnenolone to progesterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androstenedione. 3β-HSD II also mediates an alternate route of testosterone synthesis from androstenediol in the testes. 3β-HSD deficiency results in ...
[1] [2] It is the 3α-epimer of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one) and the 5(6)-dehydrogenated and non-5α-reduced analogue of androsterone (5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one). [2] DHA is produced in and secreted from the adrenal glands , along with other weak androgens like DHEA, androstenediol , and androstenedione .
Adrenal steroids are steroids that are derived from the adrenal glands.They include corticosteroids, which consist of glucocorticoids like cortisol and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, adrenal androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione (A4), and neurosteroids like DHEA and DHEA-S, as well as pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulfate (P5-S).
Cells in the zona reticularis produce precursor androgens including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione from cholesterol. [2] DHEA is further converted to DHEA-sulfate via a sulfotransferase, SULT2A1. [3] These precursors are not further converted in the adrenal cortex if the cells lack 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.