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Nero Marquina. Nero Marquina marble (mármol Negro Marquina [1]) is a high quality, black bituminous limestone extracted from the region of Markina, Basque Country in northern Spain. [2] This variety of natural stone gets its black color from naturally-occurring bitumen. [3] It is one of the most important "marbles" from Spain.
Some of these, and their white marble capitals, have been found on the site. Several carved stone baths, including an "enormous basin for a fountain 6.70 metres in diameter, cut from a single block of red granite, with pieces of several others" have been found, together with the two complete basins described below. [13]
They were given the misnomer 'of Nero' in the medieval period, when they were believed to have been part of a palace - the earliest level actually dates to the final decades of the 1st century, during the reign of Domitian, as suggested by the use of the opus vittatum mixtum building technique with alternating layers of brick and tuff blocks.
Marble mis-nomers: Cetechovice marble (cetechovický mramor) from Cetechovice, Kroměříž District: coloured [c] Karlík marble (karlický mramor), from Barrandien, Karlík, Prague-West District: black with gold-yellow-colour veins [d] Podol marble (Podolský mramor), from Vápenný Podol, Chrudim District: white, grey-white, rosy [e]
The herringbone pattern has a symmetry of wallpaper group pgg, as long as the blocks are not of different color (i.e., considering the borders alone). Herringbone patterns can be found in wallpaper, mosaics, seating, cloth and clothing (herringbone cloth), shoe tread, security printing, herringbone gears, jewellery, sculpture, and elsewhere.
The herringbone method was used by Filippo Brunelleschi in constructing the dome of the Cathedral of Florence (Santa Maria del Fiore). [2]Examples in France exist in the churches at Querqueville in Normandy and St Christophe at Suèvres, both dating from the 10th century, and in England herring-bone masonry is found in the walls of castles, such as at Guildford, Colchester and Tamworth, [1] as ...