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  2. Safe navigation operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_navigation_operator

    C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.

  3. Null object pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_object_pattern

    C# is a language in which the null object pattern can be properly implemented. This example shows animal objects that display sounds and a NullAnimal instance used in place of the C# null keyword. The null object provides consistent behaviour and prevents a runtime null reference exception that would occur if the C# null keyword were used instead.

  4. Ternary conditional operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_conditional_operator

    In the above example, IIf is a ternary function, but not a ternary operator. As a function, the values of all three portions are evaluated before the function call occurs. This imposed limitations, and in Visual Basic .Net 9.0, released with Visual Studio 2008, an actual conditional operator was introduced, using the If keyword instead of IIf ...

  5. Null coalescing operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator

    The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.

  6. C Sharp syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax

    String str = stream as String; // Will return null. ... Unboxing in C# requires an explicit type cast. Example: ... The main difference is that functions, just like ...

  7. C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)

    Examples of reference types are object (the ultimate base class for all other C# classes), System. String (a string of Unicode characters), and System. Array (a base class for all C# arrays). Both type categories are extensible with user-defined types.

  8. Null function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_function

    In computer science, a null function (or null operator) is a subroutine that leaves the program state unchanged. When it is part of the instruction set of a processor, it is called a NOP or NOOP (No OPeration). Mathematically, a (computer) function is null if and only if its execution leaves the program state unchanged.

  9. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    The following is an example of a class with lazy initialization ... Here is a dummy example in C#. ... (default, null): String; public function new (name: String ...