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The Abzû or Apsû (Sumerian: ๐๐ช abzû; Akkadian: ๐๐ช apsû), also called E ngar (Cuneiform: ๐, LAGAB×HAL; Sumerian: engar; Akkadian: engurru – lit. ab = 'water' zû = 'deep', recorded in Greek as แผπασฯν Apasแนn [1]), is the name for fresh water from underground aquifers which was given a religious fertilising quality in ancient near eastern cosmology, including ...
Based on indirect evidence it is assumed she was associated with water, [16] though there is debate among researchers over whether sweet or saline. [7] No explicit references to Nammu being identical with the sea are known, [ 17 ] and Manuel Ceccarelli in a recent study suggests she might have represented groundwater . [ 15 ]
Enki (Sumerian: ๐ญ๐๐ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: ๐ญ๐๐) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
In Sumerian cosmology, the souls of the dead had to travel across the desert or steppe, cross the Hubur river, to the mountainland of Kur. [5] Here the souls had to pass through seven different walled and gated locations to reach the netherworld. [11] The Anunnaki administered Kur as if it were a civilized settlement both architecturally and ...
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as Erแนฃetu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
In Mesopotamian religion, Tiamat (Akkadian: ๐ญ๐พ๐๐ณ D TI.AMAT or ๐ญ๐๐ D TAM.TUM, Ancient Greek: Θαλฮฌττη, romanized: Thaláttฤ) [1] is the primordial sea, mating with Abzû (Apsu), the groundwater, to produce the gods in the Babylonian epic Enûma Elish, which translates as "when on high."
Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Flood Story and the Sumerian Deluge Myth, [1] [2] offers a description of the story surrounding how humanity was created by the gods, how the office of kingship entered human civilization, the circumstances leading to the origins of the first cities, and the global flood.
The Akkadian words translated "Mount Niแนฃir" are "KUR-ú KUR ni-แนฃir". [31] The word KUR could mean hill or country; it is capitalized because it is a Sumerian word. [32] The first KUR is followed by a phonetic complement-ú which indicates that KUR-ú is to be read in Akkadian as šadú (hill) and not as mฤtu (country).