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  2. Spermicide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermicide

    Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone. However, the pregnancy rate experienced by couples using only spermicide is higher than that of couples using other metho

  3. History of water supply and sanitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply...

    In the aftermath of the First World War the new treatment method spread rapidly, especially to the US, Denmark, Germany and Canada. By the late 1930s, the activated sludge treatment became a well-known biological wastewater treatment process in those countries where sewer systems and sewage treatment plants were common. [111]

  4. Low-temperature distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_distillation

    Direct spray distillation is a water treatment process applied in seawater desalination and industrial wastewater treatment, brine and concentrate treatment as well as zero liquid discharge systems. It is a physical water separation process driven by thermal energy. Direct spray distillation involves evaporation and condensation on water ...

  5. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Station for complex water treatment SKO-10K. One of the first steps in most conventional water purification processes is the addition of chemicals to assist in the removal of particles suspended in water. Particles can be inorganic such as clay and silt or organic such as algae, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and natural organic matter.

  6. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.

  7. Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_de_arte_distillandi...

    The Kleines Destillierbuch consists of a total of 230 pages divided in fourths. It is split into three parts, the first with 23 chapters explaining the process of distillation, the second comprising a list of plants whose products can be distilled, and the third consisting of an index of diseases which can be treated by the medicinal waters produced through distillation.

  8. History of municipal treatment of drinking water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_municipal...

    Water closets could now empty into the cities sewer which in turn emptied into the Thames. [8] This was a disaster for the river. In 1816 salmon could be caught in the Thames, four years later none could be caught. The water closet overloaded the medieval cesspool system which was still in use. The use of water to dispose of sewage in the water ...

  9. Distilled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water

    Bottle for distilled water in the Real Farmacia in Madrid. Distilled water is water that has been boiled into vapor and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container. Thus, distilled water is a type of purified water.