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Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
Examples include lichen planus, lichen sclerosus and lichen nitidus. It can also be associated with abrasion or drug use. [2] It has been observed in conjunction with the use of proton pump inhibitors, and might be a sign and/or symptom of lupus such as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous, according to the case reports and reviews. [3] [4] [5 ...
Toxicodendron dermatitis lesions are often linear from brushing up against the plant. Causes of the Koebner phenomenon that are secondary to scratching rather than an infective or chemical cause include vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and keratosis follicularis (Darier disease). [citation needed]
Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause [1] characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules [2] [3] that may appear as hypopigmented against dark skin.
There is no standard treatment for pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Treatments may include ultraviolet phototherapy, sun exposure, oral antibiotics, and corticosteroid creams and ointments to treat rash and itching. [3] [5] One study identified the enzyme bromelain as an effective therapeutic option for pityriasis lichenoides chronica. [6]
Lichen spinulosus is a rare skin disorder characterized by follicular keratotic papules that are grouped into large patches. [2] It is a variant of keratosis pilaris named for its resemblance to a patch of lichen .
The clinical examination of the skin is used to diagnose and distinguish between the various forms of pityriasis lichenoides. For pityriasis lichenoides, a skin biopsy followed by a histopathologic examination is a confirmatory procedure.