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Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) [1] is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7. It consists of sodium cations (Na +) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H 2 P 2 O 2− 7). It is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food ...
Sooty mold (also spelled sooty mould) is a collective term for different Ascomycete fungi, which includes many genera, commonly Cladosporium and Alternaria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It grows on plants and their fruit, but also environmental objects, like fences, garden furniture, stones, and even cars.
For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch. Baking powder is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods.
The breakthrough in chemical leavening agents occurred in the 1930s with the introduction of monocalcium phosphates (Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2). Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O) , disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ) , and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4 ) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 ...
Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1–0.4% [5] (though animal feed may contain up to 1%). Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.
Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O (sometimes written Na 2 SO 4 ·Al 2 (SO 4) 3 ·24H 2 O). Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food additive. Its official mineral name is alum-Na (IMA symbol: Aum-Na [3]).