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In Dutch, ë appears in the plural form of most words that end in -ie or -ee, like kolonie-> koloniën, zee-> zeeën, and knie-> knieën (Dutch-language rules stipulate an extra e before the ë in plurals if the accent falls on the syllable containing the ë).
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Dutch on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Dutch in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Dutch phonology is similar to that of other West Germanic languages, especially Afrikaans and West Frisian. Standard Dutch has two main de facto pronunciation standards: Northern and Belgian. Northern Standard Dutch is the most prestigious accent in the Netherlands.
When a vowel is short/lax but is free in pronunciation, the spelling is made checked by doubling the following consonant, so that the vowel is kept short according to the default rules. That has no effect on pronunciation, as modern Dutch does not have long consonants: ram-men /ˈrɑ.mə(n)/ ("rams, to ram") tel-len /ˈtɛ.lə(n)/ ("to count")
Æ in Helvetica and Bodoni Æ alone and in context. Æ (lowercase: æ) is a character formed from the letters a and e, originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae.It has been promoted to the status of a letter in some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese.
In Portuguese, ê marks a stressed /e/ only in words whose stressed syllable is in an otherwise unpredictable location in the word: "pêssego" (peach). The letter, pronounced /e/, can also contrast with é, pronounced /ɛ/, as in pé (foot). In Brazilian Portuguese, ê also used on final syllable of the root word e.g. Guinê-Bissau ("Guinea ...
The Latin letter 'E' differs little from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'.This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul, 'jubilation'), and was most likely based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation.
An ij in written Dutch usually represents the diphthong [ɛi], similar to the pronunciation of ay in "pay". [1] In standard Dutch and most Dutch dialects, there are two possible spellings for the diphthong [ɛi]: ij and ei. That causes confusion for school children, who need to learn which words to write with ei and which with ij.