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1400 (3.878 × 10 19 kg) 1.39: 0.000 125: 2012: DOE Hydrogen [8] [d] 1: 2 H (D) Deuterium: 0.0001667 [10] 13 400: 2.23: 2020: CIL [11] [e] 2: He: Helium: 0.0001785: 0.008 (2.216 × 10 14 kg) 24.0: 0.004 29: 2018: USGS MCS [14] [f] 3: Li: Lithium: 0.534: 20 (5.54 × 10 17 kg) 81.4 – 85.6: 43.4 – 45.7: 2020: SMM [16] [g] [h] 4: Be: Beryllium ...
The cost of butanol is about $1.25–$1.32 per kilogram ($0.57-$0.58 per pound or $4 approx. per US gallon). Butanol is much more expensive than ethanol (approximately $0.40 per litre or 1.50 per gallon) and methanol.
The US Department of Energy estimated in 2007 that it costs about $2.20 per gallon to produce cellulosic ethanol, which is 2–3 times much as ethanol from corn. Enzymes that destroy plant cell wall tissue cost US$0.40 per gallon of ethanol compared to US$0.03 for corn. [64]
Sugarcane ethanol has an energy balance seven times greater than corn ethanol. [101] As of 2007, Brazilian distiller production costs were 22 cents per liter, compared with 30 cents per liter for corn-based ethanol. [102] Corn-derived ethanol costs 30% more because the corn starch must first be converted to sugar before distillation into ...
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Brazil's sugar cane-based industry is far more efficient than the U.S. corn-based industry. Brazilian distillers are able to produce 1 liter of ethanol for $0.19–0.24 (or $0.71–0.90 per gallon), compared with the $0.41–0.46 per liter for corn-based ethanol (or $1.55–1.74 per gallon) (no reliable source referenced). [106]
The energy content of ethanol is 76,100 BTU/US gal (5.89 kilowatt-hours per litre), compared to 114,100 BTU/US gal (8.83 kWh/L) for gasoline. (see chart above) A flex-fuel vehicle will experience about 76% of the fuel mileage MPG when using E85 (85% ethanol) products as compared to 100% gasoline. Simple calculations of the BTU values of the ...
Ethanol fuel has a "gasoline gallon equivalency" (GGE) value of 1.5, i.e. to replace the energy of 1 volume of gasoline, 1.5 times the volume of ethanol is needed. [4] [5] Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2]