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The heating radiator was invented by Franz San Galli in 1855, a Kingdom of Prussia-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg. [2] [3] In the late 1800s, companies, such as the American Radiator Company, promoted cast iron radiators over previous fabricated steel designs in order to lower costs and expand the market.
In 1894, Mr. Woolley convinced the other officers of the company to pay his way to Europe, whereupon he booked the sale of $50,000 worth of cast iron radiators for the Swiss capitol. [6] This was the start of the company's entry into the European market. By the following year, the company had established a branch in London, England. [6]
Radiators through which the heated water passes in order to release heat into rooms. The circulating water systems use a closed loop; the same water is heated and then reheated. A sealed system provides a form of central heating in which the water used for heating circulates independently of the building's normal water supply.
A cast iron convector radiator from 1904. Heat transfer from a radiator occurs by two mechanisms: thermal radiation and convection into flowing air or liquid. Conduction is not normally a major source of heat transfer in radiators. A radiator may even transfer heat by phase change, for example, drying a pair of socks. In practice, the term ...
Hydronics (from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.
Cast iron is made from pig iron, which is the product of melting iron ore in a blast furnace. Cast iron can be made directly from the molten pig iron or by re-melting pig iron, [4] often along with substantial quantities of iron, steel, limestone, carbon (coke) and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants.