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The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect . [ 1 ]
Another use is in the therapeutic drug monitoring of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. For example, gentamicin is an antibiotic that can be nephrotoxic (kidney damaging) and ototoxic (hearing damaging); measurement of gentamicin through concentrations in a patient's plasma and calculation of the AUC is used to guide the dosage of this drug ...
The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of a drug effect, but does not necessarily represent the dose that a clinician might use. This depends on the need for the effect, and also the toxicity. The toxicity and even the lethality of a drug can be quantified by the TD 50 and LD 50 respectively. Ideally, the effective ...
Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects. [ 1 ] When a drug has a narrow therapeutic index , titration is especially important, because the range between the dose at which a drug is effective and the dose at which side effects occur is small. [ 2 ]
The protective index is similar to the therapeutic index, but concerns toxicity (TD 50) rather than lethality (LD 50); thus, the protective index is a smaller ratio. Toxicity can take many forms, as drugs typically have multiple side effects of varying severity, so a specific criterion of toxicity must be specified for the protective index to ...
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [1] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life.
A global group of experts has suggested a new approach to diagnosing and treating obesity that does not rely solely on the much-contested body mass index (BMI).
And since is fraction of the drug that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant, then if we divide the rate of elimination by the amount of drug in the body at time t, we get; K = d E t d t ÷ A t = ln 2 t 1 / 2 ≈ 0.693 t 1 / 2 {\displaystyle K={dE_{t} \over dt}\div A_{t}={\frac {\ln 2}{t_{1/2}}}\approx {\frac {0.693}{t ...