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A swale is a shady spot, or a sunken or marshy place. [1] In US usage in particular, it is a shallow channel with gently sloping sides. Such a swale may be either natural or human-made. Artificial swales are often infiltration basins, designed to manage water runoff, filter pollutants, and increase rainwater infiltration. [2]
They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%). [2]: 19 Bioswale design is intended to safely maximize the time water spends in the swale, which aids the collection and removal of pollutants, silt and debris. Depending on the site topography, the bioswale channel may be straight or meander.
Concrete check dams in Austria A steel check dam A common application of check dams is in bioswales, which are artificial drainage channels that are designed to remove silt and pollution from runoff. A check dam is a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale , drainage ditch , or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water ...
This system proved to be highly cost-effective. Instead of a system of curbs, sidewalks, and gutters, which would have cost nearly $400,000, the planted drainage swales cost $100,000 to install. [6] This was also much more cost effective than building BMP ponds that could handle 2-, 10-, and 100-year storm events. [6]
A French drain can resemble a horizontal dry well that is not covered. A larger open pit or artificial swale that receives stormwater and dissipates it into the ground is called an infiltration basin or recharge basin. In places where the amount of water to be dispersed is not as large, a rain garden can be used instead.
To function properly, a trench must be designed with a pretreatment structure such as a grass channel or swale, in order to capture sediment and avoid clogging the trench. [4] It may not be appropriate for sites where there is a possibility of groundwater contamination, or where there is soil with a high clay content that could clog the trench. [5]
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