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Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. [3] The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. [4] It occurs usually in small isolated crystals.
Since mineral assemblages at equilibrium are dependent on pressures and temperatures, by measuring the composition of the coexisting minerals, together with using suitable activity models, the P-T conditions experienced by the rock can be determined. [1] After one equilibrium constant is found, a line would be plotted on the P-T diagram. [20]
Monazite is a waxy mineral that is formed through the crystallization of igneous rocks and the metamorphism of clastic sedimentary rocks. [25] This mineral is typically mined in placer deposits, with gold commonly found as a byproduct. [25] The rare earth element neodymium is found in monazite, making it a rare mineral. [25]
It is the cerium-dominant analogue of monazite-(La), monazite-(Nd), and monazite-(Sm). It is also the phosphorus analogue of gasparite-(Ce). [3] The group contains simple rare earth phosphate minerals with the general formula of AXO 4, where A = Ce, La, Nd, or Sm (or, rarely, Bi
This variety of monazite is typically colored bright rose-red. It is the neodymium analogue of monazite-(Ce) , monazite-(La) , and monazite-(Sm) . [ 4 ] The group contains simple rare earth phosphate minerals with the general formula of A T O 4 , where A = Ce, La, Nd, or Sm (or, rarely, Bi), and B = P or, rarely, As.
Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.
Monazite-(La) is a relatively rare representative of the monazite group, with lanthanum being the dominant rare earth element in its structure. As such, it is the lanthanum analogue of monazite-(Ce) , monazite-(Nd) , and monazite-(Sm) .
Monazite-(Sm) is an exceedingly rare representative of the monazite group, with samarium being the dominant rare earth element in its structure. It is the samarium analogue of monazite-(Ce), monazite-(La), and monazite-(Nd). It is only the second known mineral with samarium being the mineral-forming element, after florencite-(Sm). [3]