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In general, Mott insulators occur when the repulsive Coulomb potential U is large enough to create an energy gap. One of the simplest theories of Mott insulators is the 1963 Hubbard model. The crossover from a metal to a Mott insulator as U is increased, can be predicted within the so-called dynamical mean field theory.
Since then, these materials as well as others exhibiting a transition between a metal and an insulator have been extensively studied, e.g. by Sir Nevill Mott, after whom the insulating state is named Mott insulator. The first metal-insulator transition to be found was the Verwey transition of magnetite in the 1940s. [3]
This kind of material is known as a Mott insulator, and requires inclusion of detailed electron-electron interactions (treated only as an averaged effect on the crystal potential in band theory) to explain the discrepancy. The Hubbard model is an approximate theory that can include these
The Bose glass is a Griffiths phase, and can be thought of as a Mott insulator containing rare 'puddles' of superfluid. These superfluid pools are not interconnected, so the system remains insulating, but their presence significantly changes model thermodynamics.
Kesse was born on May 20, 1981, in New Jersey. Her parents, Drew and Joyce, raised her in Tampa, Fla. where she attended Gaither High School in the late ’90s.
2D Hubbard model. The t-J model is the Hubbard model for U >> t. In solid-state physics, the t-J model is a model first derived by Józef Spałek [1] to explain antiferromagnetic properties of Mott insulators, [2] taking into account experimental results about the strength of electron-electron repulsion in these materials.
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