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Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra.
Orchestration [ edit ] Requiem Canticles is scored for contralto and bass soloists, mixed chorus , and an orchestra consisting of 3 flutes (3rd doubles on piccolo ), alto flute , 2 bassoons , 4 horns , 2 trumpets , 3 trombones , timpani (2 performers), 2 percussionists ( xylophone , vibraphone , and tubular bells ), harp , piano , celesta , and ...
Differences from the original composition may include reharmonization, melodic paraphrasing, orchestration, or formal development. Arranging differs from orchestration in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra, concert band, or other musical ensemble.
Instrumentation is a more general term referring to an orchestrator's, composer's or arranger's selection of instruments in varying combinations, or even a choice made by the performers for a particular performance, as opposed to the narrower sense of orchestration, which is the act of scoring for orchestra a work originally written for a solo ...
An orchestral reduction is a sheet music arrangement of a work originally for full symphony orchestra (such as a symphony, overture, or opera), rearranged for a single instrument (typically piano or organ), a smaller orchestra, or a chamber ensemble with or without a keyboard (e.g. a string quartet).
Examples for different notations (the instrumentation of John Adams' Harmonielehre is used here as an example): Written out in full: [ 4 ] 4 flutes (2,3,&4= piccolos ), 3 oboes (3= English horn ), 3 clarinets (3= bass clarinet ), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons , contrabassoon , 4 horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones, 2 tubas , timpani , percussion (4 ...
It features a standing chord that is translated into a klangfarbenmelodie through the restless orchestration. [10] Alban Berg used this technique in the first of his Altenberg Lieder. [11] This original sense of klangfarbenmelodie has its most direct descendants in the practitioners of spectral music, which prizes timbre as a structural element ...
Notable orchestration devices include the first movement's lack of violins, the use of a piccolo, clarinets, one pair of horns, trumpets, a tuba, and timpani throughout the work, as well as the use of harps at the close of both the first and seventh movements, most striking in the latter because at that point they have not played since the ...