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Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
If hypogonadism is caused by a disorder of the central nervous system (e.g., a brain tumor), then this is known as central hypogonadism. Signs and symptoms of central hypogonadism may involve headaches, impaired vision, double vision, milky discharge from the breast, and symptoms caused by other hormone problems. [6]
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). [1] Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone ( GnRH ), while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release ...
Hypogonadism can occur through a number of different mechanisms. The use of the term hypogonadotropic relates to the fact that the hypogonadism found in HH is caused by a disruption in the production of the gonadotropin hormones normally released by the anterior pituitary gland known as luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone ...
As women with FHA work to correct energy balance, especially female athletes and those recovering from eating disorder, recovery from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may occur in a series of phases; there can be stages where the luteal phase is inadequate or may display lower sex steroid and gonadotropin levels for many years. [9]
XX gonadal dysgenesis is a type of female hypogonadism in which the ovaries do not function to induce puberty in a person assigned female at birth, whose karyotype is 46,XX. [1] Individuals with XX gonadal dysgenesis have normal-appearing external genitalia as well as Müllerian structures (e.g., cervix, vagina, uterus).
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XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.