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Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909. [1] In it he expresses his views on Swaraj, modern civilization, mechanisation, among other matters. [2] In the book, Gandhi repudiates European civilization while expressing loyalty to higher ideals of empire ("moral empire"). [1]
In the Swami's view, Swaraj was the basis for the Indian independence movement. Dadabhai Navroji claimed that he had learnt the word swaraj from the Satyarth Prakash of Saraswati. [citation needed] Swaraj aims towards a stateless society. According to Mahatma Gandhi, the overall impact of the state on the people is harmful.
Gandhi promised Swaraj within one year if his non-cooperation programme was fully implemented. The other reason to start the non-cooperation movement was that Gandhi lost faith in constitutional methods and turned from cooperator of British rule to non-cooperator campaigning for Indian independence from colonialism.
With his book Hind Swaraj (1909) Gandhi, aged 40, declared that British rule was established in India with the co-operation of Indians and had survived only because of this co-operation. If Indians refused to co-operate, British rule would collapse and swaraj (Indian independence) would come. [5] [116]
Swaraj to Gandhi did not mean transferring colonial era British power brokering system, favours-driven, bureaucratic, class exploitative structure and mindset into Indian hands. He warned such a transfer would still be English rule, just without the Englishman. "This is not the Swaraj I want", said Gandhi.
After his release from prison in 1924, Gandhi sought to bring back the Swarajists to the Congress and re-unite the party. Gandhi's supporters were in a vast majority in the Congress, and the Congress still remained India's largest political party, but Gandhi felt it necessary to heal the divide with the Swarajists, so as to heal the nation's wounds over the 1922 suspension.
Popular 1930s poster depicting Gandhi using a charkha to spin cotton and weave cloth, captioned "Concentrate on Charkha and Swadeshi". The Swadeshi movement was a self-sufficiency movement that was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. [1]
Gandhian socialism generally centers on Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule authored by Gandhi. Federation of political and economical power and demonstrating a traditionalist reluctance towards the modernisation of technology and large scale industrialisation whilst emphasising self-employment and self-reliance are key features of Gandhian socialism.