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1895. The first successful cardiac surgery was performed by Norwegian surgeon Axel Cappelen. The patient later died of complications, though the autopsy found it was for other reasons, as the wound had been satisfactorily closed. 1896. The first successful cardiac surgery without any complications was performed by German surgeon Ludwig Rehn. 1900.
There were surgical procedures for abortion in ancient Rome, [90] but they were rarely used, and most abortions were conducted using herbs or other drugs. [91] When surgery was used, it involved the use of surgical instruments to penetrate the mother. Usually this procedure ended in the death of both the fetus and the mother. [92]
The following is a list of ancient physicians who were known to have practised, contributed, or theorised about medicine in some form between the 30th century BCE and 4th century CE. 30th century to 1st century BCE
Surgery in ancient Rome; T. Theodor Billroth Operating (painting) W. Owen Harding Wangensteen This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 09:07 (UTC). Text is ...
dates to Dynasties 16–17 of the Second Intermediate Period in ancient Egypt, c. 1500 BC, but believed to be a copy from Old Kingdom, 3000–2500 BC: Hieratic: The oldest known surgical treatise on trauma: The vast majority of the papyrus is concerned with trauma and surgery, with short sections on gynaecology and cosmetics on the verso.
The ancient Egyptians had some surgical instruments, [45] [46] as well as crude analgesics and sedatives, including possibly an extract prepared from the mandrake fruit. [47] The use of preparations similar to opium in surgery is recorded in the Ebers Papyrus , an Egyptian medical papyrus written in the Eighteenth Dynasty .
The Frenchman Guy de Chauliac (c. 1300–1368) is said by the Encyclopædia Britannica to have been the most eminent surgeon of the European Middle Ages. He wrote the surgical work Chirurgia magna, which was used as a standard text for some centuries. [8]
In 1995, the skeleton of a hydrocephalic child was excavated from a cemetery that was probably part of a villa in suburban Rome, on the site of the ancient town of Fidenae.The child was 5–6 years old, on the basis of the teeth, and was dated to about the end of the first or the start of the second century AD on archaeological context.