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Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus). [3] It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, [ 4 ] and by Silverman and Rubinstein.
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. [1] [2] As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. [3]Fourteen species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent.
Dogs are ten times more likely to be infected than humans. The disease in dogs can affect the eyes, brain, lungs, skin, or bones. [15] Histoplasmosis* is a fungal disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum that affects both dogs and humans. The disease in dogs usually affects the lungs and small intestine. [16]
[1] [2] They are potentially oncogenic (tumor-causing); they often persist as latent infections in a host without causing disease, but may produce tumors in a host of a different species, or a host with an ineffective immune system. The name polyoma refers to the viruses' ability to produce multiple (poly-) tumors (-oma).
The BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, [1] but significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed. BK virus is an abbreviation of the name of the first patient, from whom the ...
The primary alphapolyomavirus that is of clinical significance to humans is Merkel cell polyomavirus (Human polyomavirus 5, MCV, or MCPyV). The apparent oncogenicity of MCPyV [ 6 ] similar to other cancer-causing viruses such as HPV , Epstein-Barr virus , and Hepatitis C virus [ 7 ] is a main area of research for the scientific community.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a proliferative skin disorder [8] [9] that occurs in immunocompromised people and is considered benign, but can be disfiguring. [10] It was suspected to be associated with viral infection on the basis of the patient population in which it appeared, and electron microscopy studies of clinical samples identified virus-like particles of a size and shape consistent ...
Murine polyomavirus (MPyV), described in the 1950s, was the first polyomavirus discovered and can cause tumors in rodents. MPyV has three early proteins; in addition to LTag and STag it also expresses middle tumor antigen , which is primarily responsible for the virus's transforming activity.