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The proper time and temperature for dry heat sterilization is 160 °C (320 °F) for 2 hours or 170 °C (340 °F) for 1 hour, and in the case of High Velocity Hot Air sterilisers, 190°C (375°F) for 6 to 12 minutes. [3] Items should be dry before sterilization since water will interfere with the process.
Moist heat sterilization processes sterilize using hot air that is heavily laden with water vapor, which plays the most important role in the sterilization. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Boiling a sample for 30 minutes or more will kill virtually all vegetative cells present, but will not kill spores , which can germinate shortly thereafter and resume growth.
This method is a faster process than dry heat sterilization. Steam sterilization is performed using an autoclave, sometimes called a converter or steam sterilizer. The object or liquid is placed in the autoclave chamber, which is then sealed and heated using pressurized steam to a temperature set point for a defined period of time.
Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization [1] is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food by heating it above 140 °C (284 °F) – the temperature required to kill bacterial endospores – for two to five seconds. [2]
Tyndallization is a process from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores. Although now considered dated, it is still occasionally used. [citation needed]
Aseptic processing was derived from Olin Ball's heat-cool-fill (HCF) machine that was developed in 1927. [5] While HCF was successful in improving the sensory quality of the processed chocolate milk as compared to canned product, the use of the equipment was hindered by its cost, maintenance, and inflexibility to process various container sizes, rendering the machine a failure.
Some computer-controlled autoclaves use an F 0 (F-nought) value to control the sterilization cycle. F 0 values are set for the number of minutes of sterilization equivalent to 121 °C (250 °F) at 103 kPa (14.9 psi) above atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes. Since exact temperature control is difficult, the temperature is monitored, and the ...
Hot air ovens are electrical devices which use dry heat to sterilize. They were originally developed by Louis Pasteur , [ 1 ] and are essentially the same as fan ovens used for cooking food. Generally, they use a thermostat to control the temperature.