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The MOSFET is also capable of handling higher power than the JFET. [35] The MOSFET was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturised and mass-produced for a wide range of uses. [6] The MOSFET thus became the most common type of transistor in computers, electronics, [36] and communications technology (such as smartphones). [37]
The most widely used electronic switch in digital circuits is the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). [2] The analogue switch uses two MOSFET transistors in a transmission gate arrangement as a switch that works much like a relay, with some advantages and several limitations compared to an electromechanical relay.
The main benefit of the power MOSFET compared to the BJT is that the MOSFET is a depletion channel device and so voltage, not current, is necessary to create a conduction path from drain to source. At low frequencies this greatly reduces gate current because it is only required to charge gate capacitance during switching, though as frequencies ...
MOSFET analog switches use the MOSFET to pass analog signals when on, and as a high impedance when off. Signals flow in both directions across a MOSFET switch. In this application, the drain and source of a MOSFET exchange places depending on the relative voltages of the source and drain electrodes.
This analog switch uses a four-terminal simple MOSFET of either P or N type. In the case of an n-type switch, the body is connected to the most negative supply (usually GND) and the gate is used as the switch control. Whenever the gate voltage exceeds the source voltage by at least a threshold voltage, the MOSFET conducts.
The field-effect transistor, sometimes called a unipolar transistor, uses either electrons (in n-channel FET) or holes (in p-channel FET) for conduction. The four terminals of the FET are named source, gate, drain, and body (substrate). On most FETs, the body is connected to the source inside the package, and this will be assumed for the ...
To switch off an n-channel device requires a negative gate–source voltage (V GS). Conversely, to switch off a p-channel device requires positive V GS. In normal operation, the electric field developed by the gate blocks source–drain conduction to some extent. Some JFET devices are symmetrical with respect to the source and drain.
The IGBT combines an isolated-gate FET for the control input and a bipolar power transistor as a switch in a single device. The IGBT is used in medium- to high-power applications like switched-mode power supplies, traction motor control and induction heating.