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A VFD is required for any species of animal fed medicated feed containing a VFD drug; this law is not limited to livestock. [2] VFD drugs must be used under the professional supervision of a licensed veterinarian. [1] The purpose of implementing the VFD is to aid in decreasing the levels of antibiotic resistance in human and animal populations.
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a serious problem in today's agriculture industry and for humans. One reason for this occurring resistance is that natural resistomes are present in different environmental niches. [9] These environmental resistomes function as an antibiotic resistance gene. [9]
A CDC infographic on how antibiotic-resistant bacteria have the potential to spread from farm animals. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [1]), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
A person cannot become resistant to antibiotics. Resistance is a property of the microbe, not a person or other organism infected by a microbe. [14] All types of microbes can develop drug resistance. Thus, there are antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic resistance. [4] [8] Antibiotic resistance is a subset of antimicrobial resistance.
The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are ...
[3] [4] [5] While the benefits of subtherapeutic antibiotic administration are well-documented, there is much concern and debate regarding the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance associated with their use. This is a specific case of the more general practice of antibiotic use in livestock.
In 1986, some European countries banned the use of antibiotics because of research they found that linked antibiotic use in livestock and drug resistant bacteria in humans. [11] The European Union regulated in 2006 against antibiotics for growth promotion purposes. [12] It was estimated in 2014 that over 80% of the world's antibiotic use was on ...
Despite scientific evidence suggesting a strong association between antibiotic use in poultry and other livestock, agribusiness lobbies such as The National Chicken Council argue that there is not sufficient evidence to purport that there is a measurable impact to humans and shifts the blame of the problem of antibiotic resistance to ...