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Human autonomy is another hallmark of humanist philosophy. [80] For people to be autonomous, their beliefs and actions must be the result of their own reasoning. [ 80 ] For humanists, autonomy dignifies each individual; without autonomy, people's humanity is lessened. [ 81 ]
Renaissance humanism is a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.. Renaissance humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity, and thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions.
Secular humanism is a philosophy, belief system, or life stance that embraces human reason, logic, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism, while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision-making.
Incarnational humanism is a type of Christian humanism which places central importance on the Incarnation, the belief that Jesus Christ was truly and fully human. In this context, divine revelation from God independent of the Incarnation is seen as untrustworthy precisely because it is exempt from the vagaries of human discourse.
Transcendental humanism is a cross-section of both humanist and transcendental philosophies. [4] Humanism is a philosophy founded in a rationalist outlook that emphasises human agency as opposed to that of the divine. [6] It recognises the centrality of moral values in human nature and experience.
A Humanist Manifesto was written in 1933 primarily by Roy Wood Sellars and Raymond Bragg and was published with 34 signatories including philosopher John Dewey.Unlike later revisions, the first manifesto talked of a new "religion", and referred to humanism as a religious movement to transcend and replace previous religions that were based on allegations of supernatural revelation.
Humanism and Its Aspirations (subtitled Humanist Manifesto III, a successor to the Humanist Manifesto of 1933) is the most recent of the Humanist Manifestos, published in 2003 by the American Humanist Association (AHA). [1] The newest one is much shorter, listing six primary beliefs, which echo themes from its predecessors:
The Ethical movement (also the Ethical Culture movement, Ethical Humanism, and Ethical Culture) is an ethical, educational, and religious movement established in 1877 by the academic Felix Adler (1851–1933). [2]