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  2. Transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor

    The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p ...

  3. Molecular scale electronics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_scale_electronics

    For example, Bumm, et al. used STM to analyze a single molecular switch in a self-assembled monolayer to determine how conductive such a molecule can be. [20] Another problem faced by this field is the difficulty of performing direct characterization since imaging at the molecular scale is often difficult in many experimental devices.

  4. Solid-state electronics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_electronics

    The first transistor hi-fi system was developed by engineers at GE and demonstrated at the University of Philadelphia in 1955. [9] In terms of commercial production, The Fisher TR-1 was the first "all transistor" preamplifier, which became available mid-1956. [10] In 1961, a company named Transis-tronics released a solid-state amplifier, the ...

  5. List of semiconductor scale examples - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor...

    Listed are many semiconductor scale examples for various metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, or MOS transistor) semiconductor manufacturing process nodes. Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations

  6. Semiconductor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor

    The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions, and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors, and most modern electronics. Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table.

  7. Semiconductor device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device

    Former Bell Labs scientist Gordon K. Teal was the first to develop a working silicon transistor at the nascent Texas Instruments, giving it a technological edge. From the late 1950s, most transistors were silicon-based. Within a few years transistor-based products, most notably easily portable radios, were appearing on the market.

  8. Integrated circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit

    A microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs.The pinouts are the dark circles surrounding the integrated circuit.. An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. [1]

  9. Electronics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

    An example is the voltage comparator which receives a continuous range of voltage but only outputs one of two levels as in a digital circuit. Similarly, an overdriven transistor amplifier can take on the characteristics of a controlled switch , having essentially two levels of output.