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[14] [15] [16] The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. [14] [17] [18] [19] [29] It was approved for medical use in the US in 2017. [14] [30] In 2022, it was the 48th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 13 million prescriptions. [31] [32]
Megestrol acetate is used mainly as an appetite stimulant to promote weight gain in a variety of situations. [25] [26] [27] When given at very high dosages, it can substantially increase appetite in most individuals, even those with advanced cancer, and is often used to boost appetite and induce weight gain in patients with cancer or HIV/AIDS-associated cachexia. [25]
In children who are aged greater than 48 hours, serum glucose on average ranges from 70 to 100 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L), similar to adults. [8] Elderly patients and patients who take diabetes pills such as sulfonylureas are more likely to suffer from a severe hypoglycemic episode.
The elderly metabolize benzodiazepines more slowly than younger people and are also more sensitive to the effects of benzodiazepines, even at similar blood plasma levels. Doses for the elderly are recommended to be about half of that given to younger adults and are to be administered for no longer than two weeks.
[25] [26] Adults with type 1 diabetes tend to have more varied symptoms, which come on over months, rather than days or weeks. [27] [26] Prolonged lack of insulin can cause diabetic ketoacidosis, characterized by fruity breath odor, mental confusion, persistent fatigue, dry or flushed skin, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, and labored breathing.
Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [15] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [15]
The typical dosage is either 1.5 mg taken once or 0.75 mg taken 12–24 hours apart. [37] The effectiveness in both methods is similar. [37] The most widely used form of oral emergency contraception is the progestin-only pill, which contains a 1.5 mg dosage of levonorgestrel. [36]
Sedation is the side effect people taking lorazepam most frequently report. In a group of around 3,500 people treated for anxiety, the most common side effects complained of from lorazepam were sedation (15.9%), dizziness (6.9%), weakness (4.2%), and unsteadiness (3.4%). Side effects such as sedation and unsteadiness increased with age. [61]