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Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 per microliter) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells : macrophages , lymphocytes and mesothelial cells.
An accurate diagnosis of the cause of the effusion, transudate versus exudate, relies on a comparison of the chemistries in the pleural fluid to those in the blood, using Light's criteria. According to Light's criteria (Light, et al. 1972), a pleural effusion is likely exudative if at least one of the following exists: [31]
The serum-ascites albumin gradient or gap (SAAG) is a calculation used in medicine to help determine the cause of ascites. [1] The SAAG may be a better discriminant than the older method of classifying ascites fluid as a transudate versus exudate.
Transudate: Exudate: Main causes ↑ hydrostatic pressure, ↓ colloid osmotic pressure: Inflammation-Increased vascular permeability: Appearance: Clear [1] Cloudy [1]
The Rivalta Test is a simple, inexpensive method that can be used in resource-limited settings to differentiate a transudate from an exudate. [1] It is a simple, inexpensive method that does not require special laboratory equipment and can be easily performed in private practice.
The fluid is a transudate and similar to fluid found in ascites. [4] There may be a higher protein and albumin content in hepatic hydrothorax due to the pleura absorbing the water. [ 5 ] To rule out heart-related causes of pleural effusion, an echocardiogram can be performed.
This engorgement of blood vessels increases the volume of transudate from the vaginal walls. [4] Transudate has a neutral pH, so increases in its production can temporarily shift vaginal pH to be more neutral. [4] Semen has a basic pH and can neutralize the acidity of the vagina for up to 8 hrs. [4]
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1]