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Dose and dose rate are used to measure different quantities [1] in the same way that distance and speed are used to measure different quantities. When considering stochastic radiation effects, only the total dose is relevant; each incremental unit of dose increases the probability that the stochastic effect happens. [4]
External radiation protection dose quantities in SI units Graphic showing relationship of SI radiation dose units. To enable consideration of stochastic health risk, calculations are performed to convert the physical quantity absorbed dose into equivalent and effective doses, the details of which depend on the radiation type and biological ...
Effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. [1]It is the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs of the human body and represents the stochastic health risk to the whole body, which is the probability of cancer induction and genetic effects, of low levels of ...
Defining equation SI units Dimension Number of atoms N = Number of atoms remaining at time t. N 0 = Initial number of atoms at time t = 0 N D = Number of atoms decayed at time t = + dimensionless dimensionless Decay rate, activity of a radioisotope: A = Bq = Hz = s −1 [T] −1: Decay constant: λ
The internal radiation dose due to injection, ingestion or inhalation radioactive substances is known as committed dose.. The ICRP defines Committed effective dose, E(t) as the sum of the products of the committed organ or tissue equivalent doses and the appropriate tissue weighting factors W T, where t is the integration time in years following the intake.
External dose quantities used in radiation protection and dosimetry. To enable consideration of stochastic health risk, calculations are performed to convert the physical quantity absorbed dose into equivalent dose, the details of which depend on the radiation type.
For such purposes, doses should be evaluated in terms of absorbed dose (in gray, Gy), and where high-LET radiations (e.g., neutrons or alpha particles) are involved, an absorbed dose, weighted with an appropriate RBE, should be used" Radiation weighting factors are largely based on the RBE of radiation for stochastic health risks. However, for ...
The deterministic effects that can lead to acute radiation syndrome only occur in the case of high doses (> ~10 rad or > 0.1 Gy) and high dose rates (> ~10 rad/h or > 0.1 Gy/h). A model of deterministic risk would require different weighting factors (not yet established) than are used in the calculation of equivalent and effective dose.