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  2. Source–message–channel–receiver model of communication

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source–message–channel...

    The communication skills required for successful communication are different for source and receiver. For the source, this includes the ability to express oneself or to encode the message in an accessible way. [8] Communication starts with a specific purpose and encoding skills are necessary to express this purpose in the form of a message.

  3. Encoding/decoding model of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoding/decoding_model_of...

    A modern-day example of the dominant-hegemonic code is described by communication scholar Garrett Castleberry in his article "Understanding Stuart Hall's 'Encoding/Decoding' Through AMC's Breaking Bad". Castleberry argues that there is a dominant-hegemonic "position held by the entertainment industry that illegal drug side-effects cause less ...

  4. Valence (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(psychology)

    Valence is an inferred criterion from instinctively generated emotions; it is the property specifying whether feelings/affects are positive, negative or neutral. [2] The existence of at least temporarily unspecified valence is an issue for psychological researchers who reject the existence of neutral emotions (e.g. surprise , sublimation). [ 2 ]

  5. Valency (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valency_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, valency or valence is the number and type of arguments and complements controlled by a predicate, content verbs being typical predicates. Valency is related, though not identical, to subcategorization and transitivity , which count only object arguments – valency counts all arguments, including the subject .

  6. Schramm's model of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schramm's_model_of...

    But errors can also occur at the stages of encoding and decoding when the source does not use the correct signs or when the pattern of decoding does not match the pattern of encoding. A further problem is posed if the original information is faulty, to begin with. For effective communication, all these negative influences need to be avoided ...

  7. Emotion and memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion_and_memory

    The dimension of valence ranges from highly positive to highly negative, whereas the dimension of arousal ranges from calming or soothing to exciting or agitating. [7] [8] The majority of studies to date have focused on the arousal dimension of emotion as the critical factor contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on memory. [9]

  8. Encoding (semiotics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoding_(semiotics)

    Encoding, in semiotics, is the process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary process – interpreting a message received from an addresser – is called decoding .

  9. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    That different methods of encoding information into memory have different levels of effectiveness. [161] List-length effect: A smaller percentage of items are remembered in a longer list, but as the length of the list increases, the absolute number of items remembered increases as well. [162] Memory inhibition