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Automatic control valves do not require an external power source, meaning that the fluid pressure is enough to open and close them. Automatic control valves include pressure reducing valves , flow control valves, back-pressure sustaining valves, altitude valves , and relief valves .
Pressure regulator or pressure reducing valve (PRV): reduces pressure to a preset level downstream of the valve; Pressure sustaining valve, or back-pressure regulator: maintains pressure at a preset level upstream of the valve; Presta valve, Schrader valve, or Dunlop valve, holds the air inside bicycle tires; Pulse valve, extremely fast pulsing ...
A typical nominal regulated gauge pressure from a medical oxygen regulator is 3.4 bars (50 psi), for an absolute pressure of approximately 4.4 bar and a pressure ratio of about 4.4 without back pressure, so they will have choked flow in the metering orifices for a downstream (outlet) pressure of up to about 2.3 bar absolute.
When the ends differ in size, it is known as a reducing (or reducer) elbow. Clarity on the difference between plumbing terminologies and geometric angles: In plumbing, the term "45-degree elbow" for example, refers to the angle of bend from the original straight pipe position (0 degrees) to the new position (45 degrees), not the actual angle ...
A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] reduced pressure zone assemblies (RPZA), [ 3 ] or reduced pressure ...
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.