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Hyoid suspension, also known as hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement, is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery in which the hyoid bone and its muscle attachments to the tongue and airway are pulled forward with the aim of increasing airway size and improving airway stability in the retrolingual and hypopharyngeal airway (airway behind and below the base of tongue).
Hyoid suspension, also known as hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement, is a surgical procedure in which the hyoid bone and its muscle attachments to the tongue and airway are pulled forward in order to increase airway size and improve airway stability behind and below the base of tongue (retrolingual and hypopharyngeal region).
The Stanford Protocol is a combination of surgeries that are undertaken to treat obstructive sleep apnea.The Protocol involves two phases, the first of which involves UPPP and one or more of Genioglossus Advancement or Hyoid Suspension.
The body of the hyoid bone is the central part of the hyoid bone. [clarification needed]At the front, the body is convex and directed forward and upward. It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.
It attaches at the lesser horn of hyoid bone [1] [2] inferiorly, [citation needed] and (the apex of [1]) the styloid process of the temporal bone [1] [2] superiorly. [ citation needed ] The ligament gives attachment to the superior-most fibres of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle .
The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by fibres from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling alongside the hypoglossal nerve. [2] [4] [5] Although the first three cervical nerves give rise to the ansa cervicalis, the geniohyoid muscle is said to be innervated by the first cervical nerve, as some of its efferent fibers do not contribute to ansa cervicalis.
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These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]