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Radicular pain, or radiculitis (from the Latin: radicula, lit. 'small root'), is pain "radiated" along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root ( radiculopathy ) at its connection to the spinal column . [ 1 ]
Radiculopathy is a diagnosis commonly made by physicians in primary care specialties, orthopedics, physiatry, and neurology. The diagnosis may be suggested by symptoms of pain, numbness , paresthesia , and weakness in a pattern consistent with the distribution of a particular nerve root , such as sciatica .
Root pain syndromes, known colloquially as radiculitis and sciatica, are among the most common symptoms caused by damage to the nerve root. Radiculopathy is commonly called the "root". In addition to pain, nerve damage may lead to impaired muscle control.
The disease was first reported in 1941 by German neurologist, Alfred Bannwarth, who described the main symptoms as intense radicular pain, facial palsy, severe headaches, and vomiting.
Radiculopathy (with or without radicular pain), [20] a neurologic condition in which nerve root dysfunction causes objective signs such as weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of reflex. Cauda equina syndrome: [22] lower extremity pain, weakness, numbness that may involve perineum and buttocks, associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction.
Sciatica is pain going down the leg from the lower back. [1] This pain may go down the back, outside, or front of the leg. [3] Onset is often sudden following activities such as heavy lifting, though gradual onset may also occur. [5]
Radiculopathy is characterized by sensory and motor disturbances, such as severe pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, back, or leg, accompanied by muscle weakness. Less commonly, direct pressure on the spinal cord (typically in the cervical spine) may result in myelopathy , characterized by global weakness, gait dysfunction, loss of balance, and ...
Disc herniation and foraminal stenosis are the most common causes of radiculopathy. [11] Imaging of the spine and laboratory tests is not recommended during the acute phase. [19] This assumes that there is no reason to expect that the patient has an underlying problem. [36] [19] In most cases, the pain subsides naturally after several weeks. [36]