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Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. [ 2 ] [ 6 ] [ 8 ] The disease can be either localized to the skin or involve other organs, as well. [ 2 ]
The exact cause of lipodermatosclerosis is unknown. [3] [6] Venous disease, such as venous incompetence, venous hypertension, and body mass may be relevant to the underlying pathogenesis. [3] Increased blood pressure in the veins (venous hypertension) can cause diffusion of substances, including fibrin, out of capillaries.
Most patients (over 80%) have vascular symptoms and Raynaud's phenomenon, which leads to attacks of discoloration of the hands and feet in response to cold. Raynaud's normally affects the fingers and toes. Systemic scleroderma and Raynaud's can cause painful ulcers on the fingers or toes, which are known as digital ulcers.
Morphea is a form of scleroderma that mainly involves isolated patches of hardened skin on the face, hands, and feet, or anywhere else on the body, usually with no internal organ involvement. [1] However, in Deep Morphea inflammation and sclerosis can be found in the deep dermis, panniculus, fascia, superficial muscle and bone. [2]: 130
Sclerodactyly is often preceded by months or even years by Raynaud's phenomenon when it is part of systemic scleroderma. [citation needed] The term "sclerodactyly" comes from Greek skleros 'hard' and daktylos 'digit'. It is generally associated with systemic scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease, and auto-immune disorders.
An acute attack of gout is intensely painful and walking on the foot is impossible. Gout is essentially a disorder caused by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the joint. Plantar fasciitis is a very common cause of heel pain. The thick fibrous bands at the bottom of the heel get inflamed and cause excruciating pain.
CREST syndrome, also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), is a multisystem connective tissue disorder.The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by abnormal thickening (scleroderma) of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles. Autosomal recessive , dominant , X-linked , and acquired forms have all been described in medical literature.