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[13] [32] A 2014 review indicated that an estimated 238,500 children with bilateral blindness (rate 1.2/1,000) live in the Eastern Mediterranean region. [30] There is also an increase in blindness outside of developing countries due to a lack of screening and prophylactic measures to treat causes of pediatric blindness. [33]
Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy. Visual loss in children or infants can occur either at the prenatal stage (during the time of conception or intrauterine period) or postnatal stage (immediately after birth). [3] There are multiple possible causes of congenital blindness.
Leber congenital amaurosis can cause total blindness or severe sight loss from birth or early childhood. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by decreased peripheral vision and trouble seeing at night. Advances in mapping of the human genome have identified other genetic causes of low vision or blindness. One such example is Bardet–Biedl ...
Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide and is a major cause of childhood mortality. [1] Each year, approximately 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children in the developing world go blind from a VAD, with about half of whom dying within a year of losing their sight. [2]
Far-sightedness primarily affects young children, with rates of 8% at 6 years old and 1% at 15 years old. [9] It then becomes more common again after the age of 40, known as presbyopia, affecting about half of people. [4] The best treatment option to correct hypermetropia due to aphakia is IOL implantation. [2]
Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. For children under the age of two years old whose vision is affected by the cataracts in both eyes, surgical options include intraocular lens implantation or a lensectomy. [2] Congenital cataracts are considered to be a significant cause of childhood blindness.
Approximately one third of people with CVI have some photophobia. It can take longer than usual to adjust to large changes in light level, and flash photography can be painful. On the other hand, CVI can also in some cases cause a desire to gaze compulsively at light sources, [7] including such things as candle flames and fluorescent overhead ...
After the underlying cause is addressed, vision is not restored right away, as the mechanism also involves the brain. [6] [7] Amblyopia can be difficult to detect, so vision testing is recommended for all children around the ages of four to five. [2] Early detection improves treatment success. [2] Glasses may be all the treatment needed for ...