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In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, [1] [2] speech marks, [3] quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.
A quotation is the repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written. [1] In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by a quotative marker, such as a verb of saying.
An example of this can be seen in the difference between a Portuguese keyboard (which has a key for « and ») and a Brazilian keyboard. The Portuguese-speaking African countries tend to follow Portugal's conventions, not the Brazilian ones. Other usages of quotation marks (“quote„ for double, ‹quote› for single) are obsolete in Portuguese.
Heavily-stylized example of a block quotation. A block quotation (also known as a long quotation or extract) is a quotation in a written document that is set off from the main text as a paragraph, or block of text, and typically distinguished visually using indentation and a different typeface or smaller size font.
Exclamation points (!) should usually only be used in direct quotes and titles of creative works. Bold type is reserved for certain uses. Quotation marks for emphasis of a single word or phrase are incorrect, and "scare quotes" are discouraged. Quotation marks are to show that you are using the correct word as quoted from the original source.
When quoting a quotation that itself contains a quotation, alternate between using double and single quotes for each quotation. See § For a quotation within a quotation for details. When quoting text from non-English languages, the outer punctuation should follow the Manual of Style for English quote marks. If there are nested quotations ...
Donald Davidson argued that quotation cannot always be treated as mere mention, giving examples where quotations carry both use and mention functions. [10] Douglas Hofstadter explains the distinction between use and mention as follows: [11] When a word is used to refer to something, it is being used.
The prime symbol ′ is commonly used to represent feet (ft), and the double prime ″ is used to represent inches (in). [2] The triple prime ‴, as used in watchmaking, represents a ligne (1 ⁄ 12 of a "French" inch, or pouce, about 2.26 millimetres or 0.089 inches).