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Hyponatremia occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause the sodium in your body to become ...
Low blood sodium is common in older adults, especially those who are hospitalized or have long-term health problems such as heart disease, kidney disease or cancer, among others. Symptoms of hyponatremia can include nausea and vomiting, loss of energy and confusion. Serious hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death.
Hyponatremia treatment is aimed at addressing the underlying cause, if possible. If you have moderate, chronic hyponatremia due to your diet, diuretics or drinking too much water, your doctor may recommend temporarily cutting back on fluids. He or she may also suggest adjusting your diuretic use to increase the level of sodium in your blood.
Addison's disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon illness that occurs when the body doesn't make enough of certain hormones. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands make too little cortisol and, often, too little of another hormone, aldosterone. Addison's disease can affect anyone and can be life-threatening.
Causes. By Mayo Clinic Staff. The most common cause of true high potassium, also called hyperkalemia, is linked to the kidneys. Causes might include: Acute kidney injury. Chronic kidney disease. Some medicines or supplements can cause of hyperkalemia, including: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Occasionally, low potassium is caused by not getting enough potassium in your diet. Causes of potassium loss include: Alcohol use. Chronic kidney disease. Diabetic ketoacidosis (in which the body has high levels of blood acids called ketones) Diarrhea. Diuretics (water retention relievers)
Imbalances in minerals such as sodium and potassium, known as electrolytes. Prolactin deficiency. Prolactin is the hormone that tells the body when to start making breast milk. Low levels of prolactin can cause problems with making milk for breastfeeding. When to see a doctor. See your health care provider if you develop any symptoms of ...
Unusual changes in the protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. Causes of hypoxemia that are related to problems with blood or blood flow include: Anemia. Congenital heart defects in children — heart conditions that children were born with. Congenital heart disease in adults — heart problems that adults were born ...
Rabeprazole is used to treat duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a condition where the stomach produces too much acid. It may also be used together with antibiotics (eg, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) to treat ulcers associated with infections caused by the H. pylori bacteria.
Congestive heart failure causes one or both of the heart's lower chambers stop pumping blood well. As a result, blood can back up in the legs, ankles and feet, causing edema. Congestive heart failure can also cause swelling in the stomach area. This condition also can cause fluid to build up in the lungs.