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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Azeotrope. Vapour-liquid equilibrium of 2-propanol /water showing positive azeotropic behaviour. An azeotrope (/ əˈziːəˌtroʊp /) [1] or a constant heating point mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be changed by simple distillation. [2] This happens because when an azeotrope is boiled, the vapour has the ...
Xylenes form azeotropes with water and a variety of alcohols. The azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylenes and boils at 94.5 °C. [3] As with many alkylbenzene compounds, xylenes form complexes with various halocarbons. [12] The complexes of different isomers often have dramatically different properties from each other. [13]
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), also known as tert-butyl methyl ether, is an organic compound with a structural formula (CH 3) 3 COCH 3. MTBE is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water. [1] Primarily used as a fuel additive, MTBE is blended into gasoline to increase its octane rating and knock resistance ...
[4] 1,2-Dichloroethane is also used generally as an intermediate for other organic chemical compounds, and as a solvent. It forms azeotropes with many other solvents, including water (at a boiling point of 70.5 °C or 158.9 °F or 343.6 K) and other chlorocarbons. [5]
While diethyl ether is rather insoluble in water, dioxane is miscible and in fact is hygroscopic. At standard pressure, the mixture of water and dioxane in the ratio 17.9:82.1 by mass is a positive azeotrope that boils at 87.6 °C. [7] The oxygen atoms are weakly Lewis-basic. It forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids.
Commercially available nitric acid is an azeotrope with water at a concentration of 68% HNO3. This solution has a boiling temperature of 120.5 °C (249 °F) at 1 atm. It is known as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature.
Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), also known as methoxycyclopentane, is a hydrophobic ether solvent. A high boiling point of 106 °C (223 °F) and preferable characteristics such as low formation of peroxides, relative stability under acidic and basic conditions, formation of azeotropes with water coupled with a narrow explosion range render CPME an attractive alternative to other ethereal ...