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An induced coma – also known as a medically induced coma (MIC), barbiturate-induced coma, or drug-induced coma – is a temporary coma (a deep state of unconsciousness) brought on by a controlled dose of an anesthetic drug, often a barbiturate such as pentobarbital or thiopental.
Lorazepam is most commonly used but clonazepam is sometimes prescribed for acute psychosis or mania; [75] their long-term use is not recommended due to risks of dependence. [ 24 ] : 204 Further research investigating the use of benzodiazepines alone and in combination with antipsychotic medications for treating acute psychosis is warranted.
Pentobarbital can reduce intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome, treat traumatic brain injury and induce coma in cerebral ischemia patients. [8] Pentobarbital-induced coma has been advocated in patients with acute liver failure refractory to mannitol. [9] Pentobarbital is also used as a veterinary anesthetic agent. [10]
Recurrence of symptoms such as anxiety may simply indicate that the drug was having its expected anti-anxiety effect and that, in the absence of the drug, the symptom has returned to pretreatment levels. If the symptoms are more severe or frequent, the person may be experiencing a rebound effect due to the removal of the drug. Either of these ...
They are recommended for short-term treatment of severe anxiety, panic, or insomnia. Some authors believe that the use of benzodiazepines is contraindicated for acute stress, as this group of drugs can cause dissociation. [141] Nevertheless, some people use benzodiazepines for short-term anxiety and insomnia.
The drug is also under investigation as an antidepressant and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is related in chemical structure to venlafaxine. Due to being an opioid, there is risk of abuse and addiction, but it does have less abuse potential, respiratory depression, and constipation compared to other opioids (hydrocodone, oxycodone ...
This increased risk is probably due to the drug effects of nitrazepam persisting well into the next day. [47] Nitrazepam is a particularly unsuitable hypnotic for the elderly as it induces a disability characterised by general mental deterioration, inability to walk, incontinence , dysarthria, confusion , stumbling , falls , and disoriention ...
Midazolam is sometimes used for the acute management of prolonged seizures.Long-term use for the management of epilepsy is not recommended due to the significant risk of tolerance (which renders midazolam and other benzodiazepines ineffective) and the significant side effect of sedation. [21]