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Service definitions, like the OSI model, abstractly describe the functionality provided to a layer N by a layer N−1, where N is one of the seven layers of protocols operating in the local host. At each level N, two entities at the communicating devices (layer N peers) exchange protocol data units (PDUs) by means of a layer N protocol.
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3] Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6 Presentation: Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption: 5 Session
The following Internet Experiment Note (IEN) documents describe the evolution of the Internet Protocol into the modern version of IPv4: [6] IEN 2 Comments on Internet Protocol and TCP (August 1977) describes the need to separate the TCP and Internet Protocol functionalities (which were previously combined). It proposes the first version of the ...
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, packet strictly refers to a protocol data unit at layer 3, the network layer. [2] A data unit at layer 2, the data link layer , is a frame . In layer 4, the transport layer , the data units are segments and datagrams .
TCP/IP protocol suite or Five-layer Internet model (Forouzan, [59] Kurose [60]) TCP/IP model (Stallings [61]) OSI model (ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994 [62]) Three layers: Four layers: Four layers: Four+one layers: Five layers: Five layers: Five layers: Seven layers: Application/ Process Application Application Application Application Application ...
Such protocols belong to the link layer. Internet-layer protocols use IP-based packets. A common design aspect in the internet layer is the robustness principle: "Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" [1] as a misbehaving host can deny Internet service to many other users.
The protocols in use today in this layer for the Internet all originated in the development of TCP/IP. In the OSI model the transport layer is often referred to as Layer 4, or L4, [2] while numbered layers are not used in TCP/IP. The best-known transport protocol of the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).