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The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. [citation needed] It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own. [8] [9]
It is thus a progesterone withdrawal bleed. As there is no progesterone in the anovulatory cycle, bleeding is caused by the inability of estrogen—which needs to be present to stimulate the endometrium in the first place—to support a growing endometrium. Anovulatory bleeding is hence termed 'estrogen breakthrough bleeding'.
"Medical bleeding" denotes hemorrhage as a result of an underlying medical condition (i.e. causes of bleeding that are not directly due to trauma). Blood can escape from blood vessels as a result of 3 basic patterns of injury: [citation needed] Intravascular changes — changes of the blood within vessels (e.g. ↑ blood pressure, ↓ clotting ...
bleeding time brachytherapy: BTB: breakthrough bleeding of menstrual period BTL: bilateral tubal ligation: BTP: breakthrough pain: BTT: bridge to transplantation: BUN: blood urea nitrogen: BV: bacterial vaginosis: BVM: bag valve mask (Ambu bag) BVP: biventricular pacing (see artificial pacemaker) bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin ...
Bleeding in excess of this norm in a nonpregnant woman constitutes gynecologic hemorrhage. In addition, early pregnancy bleeding has sometimes been included as gynecologic hemorrhage, namely bleeding from a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, while it actually represents obstetrical bleeding. However, from a practical view, early pregnancy ...
Unscheduled bleeding that occurs during such hormonal treatment is termed "breakthrough bleeding" (BTB) Breakthrough bleeding may result from inconsistent use of hormonal treatment, although in the initial months after initiation of a method, it may occur even with perfect use, and may ultimately affect adherence to the medication regimen. [27]
While unpredictable breakthrough bleeding is a possible side effect for all hormonal contraceptives, it is more common with progestogen-only formulations. [16] Most regimens of COCPs, NuvaRing, and the contraceptive patch incorporate a placebo or break week that causes regular withdrawal bleeding.
The withdrawal bleeding that occurs during the break from active pills has been thought to be reassuring, a physical confirmation of not being pregnant. [48] The withdrawal bleeding is also predictable. Unexpected breakthrough bleeding can be a possible side effect of longer term active regimens. [49]