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After the review made the evidence better known, the treatment was used more, preventing thousands of pre-term babies from dying of infant respiratory distress syndrome. [ 12 ] However, when the treatment was rolled out in lower- and middle-income countries, early data suggested that more pre-term babies died.
[1]) The general burden when arguing that evidence was improperly excluded or included is to show that the proper ruling by the trial judge may have, on the balance of probabilities, resulted in the opposite determination of fact. In the case of Earll v.
Incontrovertible evidence and conclusive evidence (less formally, concrete evidence and hard evidence) [1] [2] are colloquial terms for evidence introduced to prove a fact that is supposed to be so conclusive that there can be no other truth to the matter; i.e., evidence so strong it overpowers contrary evidence, directing a fact-finder to a ...
The term, medical reversal, was coined in 2011 by Vinay Prasad, Victor Gall and Adam Cifu in a research letter published in the Archives of Internal Medicine (now JAMA Internal Medicine). [ 3 ] The term evidence reversal has also been proposed to refer to the same concept as medical reversal, but with a broader scope, including other scientific ...
Exculpatory evidence is evidence favorable to the defendant in a criminal trial that exonerates or tends to exonerate the defendant of guilt. [1] It is the opposite of inculpatory evidence , which tends to present guilt.
The advantage of indicating antibiotics empirically exists where a causative pathogen is likely albeit unknown and where diagnostic tests will not be influential to treatment. In this case, there may be little if any perceived benefit of using what may be costly and inconclusive tests that will only delay treatment of the same antibiotics.
A clinical control group can be a placebo arm or it can involve an old method used to address a clinical outcome when testing a new idea. For example in a study released by the British Medical Journal, in 1995 studying the effects of strict blood pressure control versus more relaxed blood pressure control in diabetic patients, the clinical control group was the diabetic patients that did not ...
The term "inverse consequences" has been applied in numerous situations, for example: In treatment of drug addiction, medications intended to reduce one type of addiction might trigger another addiction: long-term treatment with opiate medications (such as morphine ) has inverse consequences .