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Biological functions of nitric oxide are roles that nitric oxide plays within biology. Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of N O . In mammals including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes. [ 1 ]
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone , insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis , and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development.
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of synthases that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.NO is a chemical messenger with diverse functions throughout the body depending on its enzymatic source and tissue localization.
Notably, HGF, a cytokine, is transferred from the extracellular matrix into muscles through the nitric-oxide dependent pathway. It is thought that HGF activates satellite cells, while insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-1 ) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) enhance satellite cell proliferation rate following activation. [ 15 ]
S-Nitrosylation similarly contributes to physiology and dysfunction of cardiac, airway and skeletal muscle and the immune system, reflecting wide-ranging functions in cells and tissues. [16] [17] [18] It is estimated that ~70% of the proteome is subject to S-nitrosylation and the majority of those sites are conserved. [19]
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