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Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia. In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow. There is an overproduction of monocytes that the body does not need in the periphery.
In addition to these genetic issues, people with chromosomal abnormalities or certain other genetic conditions have a greater risk of leukemia. [47] For example, people with Down syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing forms of acute leukemia (especially acute myeloid leukemia ), and Fanconi anemia is a risk factor for ...
The CARs are designed to recognize the specific cancer antigens and bind to them, allowing T-cells to target and attack the cancer cells. The genetically modified T-cells are administered back to the patients as a treatment. Leukemia is a group of blood cancers commonly found in children younger than 15 and elders older than 55. [3]
It most commonly affects individuals over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur over time. [3] [18] CLL is rarely seen in individuals less than 40 years old. [19] Men are more commonly affected than women, although the average lifetime risk for both genders are similar (around 0.5-1%) .
Additional common genetic changes in B-cell ALL involve non-inherited mutations to PAX5 and IKZF1. [2] In T-cell ALL, LYL1, TAL1, TLX1, and TLX3 rearrangements can occur. [4] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia results when enough of these genetic changes are present in a single lymphoblast.
However, because there are fewer cases of T-ALL compared to other subtypes of leukemia, the exact cause(s) (i.e. etiology) of T-ALL remains unclear. T-ALL is neither contagious nor inherited, but specific genetic mutations (commonly including those in NOTCH1 and CDKN2A) may be passed along, increasing susceptibility to cases of T-ALL. [10]