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A combined surgical and pharmacological treatment, administered by colorectal surgeons, is the direct injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) into the anal sphincter to relax it. This treatment was first investigated in 1993.
Botulinum toxin (botox) may be injected into the lower esophageal sphincter to paralyze the muscles holding it shut. As in the case of cosmetic botox, the effect is only temporary and lasts about 6 months. Botox injections cause scarring in the sphincter which may increase the difficulty of later Heller myotomy.
For most, the effect will last beyond the first three to six months of direct Botox effect and is most frequently a lifelong cure. [13] A small percentage of patients will require a subsequent injection of Botox for lasting results. [14] An alternative if the injection is unsuccessful is to undergo partial cricopharyngeal myotomy. [15]
A urethral bulking injection is one type of treatment for incontinence in women. Urethral bulking injections are considered by a clinician when the woman has urinary sphincter dysfunction, urethral hypermobility, persistent stress urinary incontinence after a urethral sling or urethropexy, or stress urinary incontinence in women who cannot undergo surgery due to other illnesses or conditions.
Usually, sphincter defects are in the anterior position on the sphincter, when an anterior sphincteroplasty may be carried out. Where the sphincter defect is laterally or posteriorly placed, this carries a less successful outcome. [3] [4] [5] Overlapping anterior sphincteroplasty is preceded by a bowel preparation and possibly antibiotics. Once ...
According to Sundar, “on average, Botox lasts three to four months,” so some women will conceive with Botox still in their systems. Other women will receive injections early in pregnancy ...
Fowler's syndrome (urethral sphincter relaxation disorder) is a rare disorder in which the urethral sphincter fails to relax to allow urine to be passed normally in younger women with abnormal electromyographic activity detected.
The muscle helps maintain continence of urine along with the internal urethral sphincter which is under control of the autonomic nervous system.The external sphincter muscle prevents urine leakage as the muscle is tonically contracted via somatic fibers that originate in Onuf's nucleus and pass through sacral spinal nerves S2-S4 then the pudendal nerve to synapse on the muscle.
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