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The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
Córdoba under the Caliphate, with a population of more than half a million, eventually overtook Constantinople as the largest and most prosperous city in Europe. [41] Al-Andalus became a centre for the arts, medicine, science, music, literature and philosophy.
Every governor of each province acted independently, such that cities like Córdoba, Seville, and Toledo had their own kings. To prevent the Visigoths from reuniting, Tariq ibn Ziyad decided to strike the capital, Toledo, while also dispatching several units to capture other cities. Tariq dispatched a Byzantine convert from north Africa named ...
The taifas (green) in 1031. The taifas (from Arabic: طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.
Mohammed II reclaims Córdoba supported by the Slav General Wadih, but is assassinated. Hisham II is restored as Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba by slave troops of the Caliphate under Wahdid. 1012 – Berber forces capture Córdoba and order that half the population be executed. Sulaiman II is restored as Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba by the Berber armies.
The Fitna of al-Andalus (Arabic: فتنة الأندلس, romanized: Fitnat al-Andalus) (1009–1031) was a civil war in the Caliphate of Córdoba.It began in the year 1009 with a coup d'état which led to the assassination of Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, the son of Almanzor, the deposition of the Caliph Hisham II al-Hakam, and the rise to power of Muhammad II of Córdoba, great-grandson of Abd al ...
After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031, Al-Andalus fragmented into a collection of small, independent Taifa emirates. Following the abdication and flight of the last caliph from Córdoba, the city was left without a leader.
The Umayyads fell to the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 but the surviving member of the Umayyad Dynasty, Abd ar-Rahman I, fled to Córdoba and established an Umayyad Emirate over al-Andalus in 756. Abd ar-Rahman initially resided in several palace-villas on the outskirts of the city, most notably one called ar-Ruṣāfa. [4]