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  2. Tumor marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_marker

    Tumor markers alone can't be used for diagnostic purposes, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. [4] The only approved diagnostic method for cancer is with a biopsy. Detects reoccurring cancers; Tumor markers can detect reoccurring cancers in patients post-treatment. [3]

  3. Sinoatrial node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_node

    Sinus node dysfunction also known as sick sinus syndrome is a group of irregular heartbeat conditions caused by faulty electrical signals of the heart. When the heart's sinoatrial node is defective, the heart's rhythms become abnormal—typically too slow or exhibiting pauses in its function or a combination, and very rarely faster than normal ...

  4. Atrioventricular node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node

    Isolated heart conduction system showing atrioventricular node. The AV node receives two inputs from the right atrium: posteriorly, via the crista terminalis, and anteriorly, via the interatrial septum. [8] Contraction of heart muscle cells requires depolarization and repolarization of their cell membranes. Movement of ions across cell ...

  5. Cardiac marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_marker

    Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome and for management and prognosis in patients with diseases like acute heart failure. Most of the early markers identified were enzymes, and as a result, the term "cardiac enzymes" is sometimes used. However, not ...

  6. Prognosis marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognosis_marker

    Prognostic markers are useful to stratify the patients into groups, guiding towards precise medicine discovery. The widely used prognostic markers in cancers include stage, size, grade, node and metastasis. In addition to these common markers, there are prognostic markers specific to different cancer types.

  7. Cancer biomarker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_biomarker

    A biomarker may be used to see how well the body responds to a treatment for a disease or condition. Also called molecular marker and signature molecule." [18] In cancer research and medicine, biomarkers are used in three primary ways: [19] To help diagnose conditions, as in the case of identifying early stage cancers (diagnostic)

  8. Biomarker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker

    In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues [1] to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. [2]

  9. File:Heart diagram-en.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_diagram-en.svg

    English: Heart diagram with labels in English. Blue components indicate de-oxygenated blood pathways and red components indicate oxygenated blood pathways. [1] [2]