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Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
In speaking, Muslims attach the title "Prophet" to Muhammad's name, and always follow it with the greeting sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam (صَلّى الله عليه وسلّم , "Peace be upon him"), [16] sometimes in written form abbreviated ﷺ . Muslims do not worship Muhammad as worship in Islam is only for God. [18] [170] [171]
[70] [69] Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi of Egypt "held that nothing of the Hadith was recorded until after enough time had elapsed to allow the infiltration of numerous absurd or corrupt traditions." [ 71 ] Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wrote an article titled al-Islam Huwa ul-Qur'an Wahdahu ('Islam is the Qur'an Alone) that appeared in the Egyptian journal Al ...
Many verses of the Quran, especially those revealed earlier, are dominated by the idea of the nearing of the Day of Judgement. [10] [11]When the sun is put out, and when the stars fall down, and when the mountains are blown away, and when pregnant camels are left untended, and when wild beasts are gathered together, and when the seas are set on fire, and when the souls ˹and their bodies˺ are ...
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of earth's population, [110] Islam is the second-largest and the fastest-growing religion in the world, [111] primarily due to the young age and high fertility rate of Muslims, [112] with Muslims having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5).
A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
Some have argued that these twelve successors cannot be the first twelve caliphs after Muhammad because that list includes Yazid I (r. 680–683) who killed Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, and assaulted Medina, a city held sacred in Islam. [8] Alternatively, in his commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari, the Sunni theologian al-Qastallani (d.